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Askøy Bridge
The Askøy Bridge ((ノルウェー語:Askøybroen)) is a suspension bridge which crosses the Byfjorden between the municipalities of Bergen and Askøy in Hordaland county, Norway. It is long and has a main span of . Its span was the longest for any suspension bridge in Norway, until the Hardanger Bridge was opened in August 2013. It carries two lanes of County Road 562 and a combined pedestrian and bicycle path. The bridge's two concrete pylons are tall and are located at Brøstadneset in Bergen municipality (on the Bergen Peninsula of the mainland) and Storeklubben in Askøy municipality (on the island of Askøy). The bridge has seven spans in total, although all but the main span are concrete viaducts. The bridge has a clearance below of .
The first plans to replace the Kleppestø–Nøstet Ferry with a bridge, which would allow the island of Askøy to have a fixed link, was launched in the 1960s. Various proposals were made, including placing the bridge further east and closer to Bergen, and building a submerged floating tunnel. In the early 1970s, a toll company was established to finance the bridge, but the planned costs were too high to cover with just tolls and there was the lack of a motorway to Bergen from the west. Because of this, the construction of the bridge was postponed. In the early 1980s, there was controversy about whether advanced tolls should be charged on the ferry, but these were ultimately charged from 1984 until the bridge opened. Construction started in 1989 and the bridge opened ahead of schedule on 12 December 1992, along with a new section of the road which included the Stongafjell Tunnel and Olsvik Tunnel. The bridge remained a toll road until 2006.
==Specifications==
The bridge is a long suspension bridge with a main span of . It has two concrete pylons, each , albeit tall when including the mounts for the suspension cable. The pylons are wide and vary in width between at the top to at the bottom. They pylons have three horizontal connectors, one under the deck at , one at and one at the top.〔Fossen (1995): 154〕 The bridge has seven spans, with all but the main spans being concrete viaducts, and thus not connected to the suspension cable. The aerodynamic closed bridge girder has a vertical radius of , a height of and a width of .〔 The bridge deck is wide; each of the two main lanes are wide, while the pedestrian and bicycle path is wide. The bridge can be reconfigured to instead carry three lanes, with a new bicycle and pedestrian path being mounted on the side.〔
There are two main cables, one on each side, which consist of twenty locked coil cables in a seven wide and three tall matrix. Each strand has a diameter of . The cable has a quality of 1,570 megapascals.〔 Each coil, which consists of 289 wires, can tolerate at least and weighs . The cables are anchored in rock below the road level.〔 The main span's sag-to-span ratio is 1:10.〔 The bridge has a wide clearance below of .〔 The bridge carries two lanes of County Road 562 across Byfjorden, between Storeklubben in Askøy and Brøstaneset in Bergen.〔Fossen (1995): 155〕 In 2010, the bridge had an average traffic of 17,251 vehicles per day.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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